The Optimal Dynamic Infant Industry Protection in Joining a Free Trade Agreement: A Numerical Analysis of the Vietnamese Motorcycle Industry

This paper investigates the optimal dynamic paths of trade protection imposed on infant industries during the process of joining a free trade agreement. The framework is based on the dynamic learning-by-doing model developed in Melitz (2005), where industries are experiencing dynamic externalities. In this framework, restricted-time protection is introduced as a realistic approach to correspond to the conditions of actual agreements. According to the computational analysis, in some feasible cases of optimal tariff paths may not follow a downward trend, as conventional wisdom would suggest. The results of the numerical simulation applied to the Vietnamese motorcycle industry support these findings.dynamic externality, infant industry protection, numerical analysis, Vietnam

Counterexamples to Ferromagnetic Ordering of Energy Levels

The Heisenberg ferromagnet has symmetry group ${\rm SU}(2)$. The property known as ferromagnetic ordering of energy levels (FOEL) states that the minimum energy eigenvalue among eigenvectors with total spin $s$ is monotone decreasing as a function of $s$. While this property holds for certain graphs such as open chains, in this note we demonstrate some counterexamples. We consider the spin 1/2 model on rings of length $2n$ for $n=2,3,...,8$, and show that the minimum energy among all spin singlets is less than or equal to the minimum energy among all spin triplets, which violates FOEL. This also shows some counterexamples to the "Aldous ordering" for the symmetric exclusion process. We also review some of the literature related to these examples.Comment: We corrected an earlier misinterpretation we made of a famous result of Sutherland, which an anonymous referee corrected us on. 29 page

Validating Geospatial Regression Models With Bootstrapping

Spatial statistical models have been used extensively in many geospatial and environmental studies over several decades. While being very important, the issues of testing and validation in spatial statistical models are rarely investigated carefully in spatial environmental studies. Often strict theoretical asymptotic assumptions used in those models are left unexplored or unanswered in many studies. This study is to explore if bootstrapping is capable of providing more realistic statistical inference for spatial regression models while dealing with several common issues with spatial data, such as spatial dependence and unknown heteroscedasticity. With experiments on both simulated and real-world datasets, the study showed that bootstrapping can reveal the differences between empirical (bootstrap) distributions and those based on theoretical asymptotic assumptions in a forthright and sound fashion, allowing a spatial regression model to be validated effectively. Such validation arguably is very important to geospatial and environmental studies, especially those with small sample sizes. Hence, bootstrapping should be used widely as a second line of evidence for statistical inference in spatial environmental studies

ベトナム ガ カカエル シャカイ モンダイ

ベトナムの経済発展は多くの国民に生活向上の機会を提供している。経済のグローバル化が国際協調を進展させている。こうした傾向を加速するために教育の果たす役割はますます重要になってくる。国家の安定を確保するために教育を整備する必要性は高い。The economic transforming process in Vietnam has presented many opportunities for Vietnamese people to change their lives. In the trend towards "globalization" and integration into international economy, the importance of education has accelerated rapidly during the last decades in Vietnam. To speed up the international economy integration, which requires high leveled and creative workforce, efforts should be made to seek solutions for improving the education of labor force of Vietnam and it proves to be the wisest way for the country to satisfy harsh requirements of regional and global labor markets

FMI Compliant Approach to Investigate the Impact of Communication to Islanded Microgrid Secondary Control

In multi-master islanded microgrids, the inverter controllers need to share the signals and to coordinate, in either centralized or distributed way, in order to operate properly and to assure a good functionality of the grid. The central controller is used in centralized strategy. In distributed control, Multi-agent system (MAS) is considered to be a suitable solution for coordination of such system. However the latency and disturbance of the network may disturb the communication from central controller to local controllers or among agents or and negatively influence the grid operation. As a consequence, communication aspects need to be properly addressed during the control design and assessment. In this paper, we propose a holistic approach with co-simulation using Functional Mockup Interface (FMI) standard to validate the microgrid control system taking into account the communication network. A use-case of islanded microgrid frequency secondary control with MAS under consensus algorithm is implemented to demonstrate the impact of communication and to illustrate the proposed holistic approach.Comment: Proceedings of the IEEE PES ISGT Asia 2017 conferenc

Sustainable Growth and Ethics: a Study of Business Ethics in Vietnam Between Business Students and Working Adults

Sustainable growth is not only the ultimate goal of business corporations but also the primary target of local governments as well as regional and global economies. One of the cornerstones of sustainable growth is ethics. An ethical organizational culture provides support to achieve sustainable growth. Ethical leaders and employees have great potential for positive influence on decisions and behaviors that lead to sustainability. Ethical behavior, therefore, is expected of everyone in the modern workplace. As a result, companies devote many resources and training programs to make sure their employees live according to the high ethical standards. This study provides an analysis of Vietnamese business students’ level of ethical maturity based on gender, education, work experience, and ethics training. The results of data from 260 business students compared with 704 working adults in Vietnam demonstrate that students have a significantly higher level of ethical maturity. Furthermore, gender and work experience are significant factors in ethical maturity. While more educated respondents and those who had completed an ethics course did have a higher level of ethical maturity, the results were not statistically significant. Analysis of the results along with suggestions and implications are provided